Three of the most useful LJ entries ever made:
19th Century Fashion, 1800-1829
19th Century Fashion, 1830-1859
19th Century Fashion, 1860-1897
People who write stories set in the past (and located in America and/or Western Europe), check briefly the year of your story’s setting against the costumes here. Some serious shit goes down in the 19th century, okay? In 180mumble, your character could be dressed with elegance. By 1820, she better have something else happening on that dress. Hint: ruffles and poufs, and sleeves that are wider than her head. (Don’t look at me, I just report the news.) By 1850, if she didn’t have a hoop skirt on, don’t even ASK what would happen. (Mostly because I don’t know. Fahsion police?)
Every time I glance at the scope of silhouettes in 19th-century fashion, it’s boggling how many silhouettes they actually went through, as if they were trying to make women as uncomfortable (yet decorative!) as possible and kept trying different methods until women revolted. Then it was time for a NEW uncomfortable silhouette!
Also, in the late 1820s and early 1830s, it was illegal for a woman to have shoulders. Fact. You showed up with a shoulder seam? A month in the brig. (There were nothing but brigs back then, too.) By 1840, you could have a shoulder as long as it was halfway to your elbow. According to these pictures, looks like women finally earned back the right to natural shoulder seams around 1873.*
* None of that is true. Except the shoulder seam parts.**
** And the brig parts.